附录 of 安全 & 风险管理 Manual

The 附录 section includes the following information.

物料安全数据表及索取化学品资料表格(PDF)
术语表
Environmental Statement

术语表

材料安全数据表术语:以下是在查阅材料安全数据表时常用的术语. 本术语表包含讨论化学品或化学产品时使用的关键术语的简化定义.

急性效应

An adverse effect with severe symptoms occurring very quickly, as a result of a single excessive overexposure to a substance.

急性毒性

过度接触一种物质造成的不良影响. 通常 a figure denoting relative toxicity.

窒息性的

A vapor or gas that can cause unconsciousness or death by suffocation. Most are associated with a lack of sufficient oxygen to promote life.

沸点

A temperature at which a liquid turns to a vapor state. 这个术语通常与海平面压力下的温度有关，当可燃液体释放出足够的蒸汽以促进燃烧时.

天花板“C”

In terms of exposure concentrations, 这是一个即使在短时间内也不应该超过的数字, 对于某种物质.

致癌物质

A substance or agent capable of producing cancer in mammals.

Cubic centimeter "cc"

体积测量:通常与少量液体有关的体积测量. One quart has 946 cubic centimeters.

慢性影响

不良反应伴随症状发展或复发非常缓慢或持续很长一段时间的不良反应.

慢性毒性

副作用由于长时间或反复接触某种物质而产生的副作用, 通常用作长时间接触的相对毒性指标.

可燃

易于燃烧的液体、气体或固体的分类术语. This term is often associated with "flash point", 在什么温度下，给定的物质会产生足够的蒸汽来促进燃烧.

浓度

A figure used to define relative quantity of a particular material. 腐蚀性-具有对人体皮肤造成不可逆伤害特性的材料, or steel by contact. Many acids are classified as corrosives.

分解

分解:物质或物质分解成其他物质或化合物的部分. 通常 associated with heat or chemical reactions.

真皮

Used on or applied to the skin.

皮肤毒性

暴露:由于某种物质暴露在皮肤上而产生的不良影响. Determined from tests on lab animals.

蒸发率

The rate at which a liquid material is known to evaporate, usually associated with flammable materials. The faster a material will evaporate, the sooner it will become concentrated in the air, possibly creating an explosive mixture or toxic concentration.

闪点

液体产生足以促进燃烧的蒸气的温度. 一般闪点越低，燃烧的危险越大.

易燃

Any liquid that has a flash point of 100 degrees F. 或低于. Also, any solid which can ignite readily and sustain fire.

一般排气

用于定义从一般工作区域排出或通风空气的系统的术语. Not as site specific as localized exhaust.

克“g”

重量单位. One ounce equals about 28.4克.

Hazardous Chemical

Any chemical which is either a physical or health hazard or both.

可燃性的

A term used to define any liquid, 能够被“点燃”的气体或固体，即闪点达到华氏140度.，或更少.

不兼容的

相互直接接触可能引起危险反应的材料.

摄入

Taking in of a substance through the mouth.

吸入

吸入以气体、液体、蒸气、灰尘、薄雾或烟雾形式吸入的物质.

抑制剂

添加到另一种物质中的化学物质，以防止不希望发生的变化.

刺激物

A chemical that causes a reversible inflammatory effect on the site of contact; however, is not considered a corrosive. 通常，刺激物会影响眼睛、皮肤、鼻子、嘴巴和呼吸系统.

氧化剂

一种容易产生氧气以刺激有机物质燃烧的物质.

氧化剂

氧化剂通过提供氧气促进氧化而引起氧化反应的化学物质或物质.

Permissible Exposure Limit PEL

职业安全与健康共同体确定的暴露浓度，表明不会产生不良影响的最高浓度.

Parts Per Million PPM

A unit of measurement for the concentration of a gas or vapor in air. 通常 expressed as number of parts per million parts of air.

Parts Per Billion PPB

As above, only expressed as number of parts per billion parts of air.

反应性

描述物质随能量的释放而发生化学变化的趋势的术语, 通常是热.

还原剂

在氧化反应中，这是与氧结合的物质.

Respiratory 系统

The breathing system, including the lungs, 和空气通道, plus their associated nervous and circulatory components.

敏化剂

A substance that on first exposure causes little or no reaction; however, 反复暴露会引起明显的反应，不一定局限于暴露部位. 通常 associated with skin sensitization.

比重

重量:一种物质的重量与等体积的水的重量相比. 通常 expressed as material's heaviness. A material with a specific gravity greater than l.0在水中会下沉，而比重小于1的物质.0 will float in water.

Short Term Exposure Limit STEL

人体接触某一物质少于15分钟而不会对健康产生不良影响的最大允许浓度

畸胎原

胎儿畸形:可能导致孕妇胎儿畸形的物质或物质. Determined from lab animal tests.

Threshold Limit Value TLV

职业安全与卫生界使用的术语，用来描述一种物质在空气中的浓度，几乎所有人都可以日复一日地接触到这种物质, and not develop adverse health effects.

毒性

暴露于物质的不良影响的总和，通常通过口腔、皮肤或呼吸道.

Time Weighted Average TWA

一种物质在空气中的浓度，一个人在8小时工作日内接触这种物质而不会产生不良影响.

Upper Explosive Limit UEL

空气中维持或支持燃烧的气体或蒸气的最高浓度, when an ignition source is present.

蒸汽密度

用来定义蒸气或气体的重量与等体积空气的重量相比较的术语. Gases lighter than air have a vapor density of less than l.0 whereas gases heavier than air have a vapor density greater than l.0.

蒸汽压

一个数字，用来描述饱和蒸汽在封闭容器中对其自身液体施加的压力. 通常, the higher the vapor pressure, the lower the boiling point, and therefore the more dangerous the material can be, 如果易燃.

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